Dyslexic students can learn to read.


​The International Dyslexia Association has established standards and practices that have been studied and validated for teaching reading to students with dyslexia. Evidence based on brain imaging from studies at Stanford recently showed that this structured approach to reading benefited both typical and dyslexic readers.  Check their Center for Effective Reading for accredited programs and certifications.

The National Reading Panel identifies  Five Components of Reading Instruction and as for all kids these areas, Phonemic Awareness, Phonics, Fluency, Vocabulary, and Comprehension are used for instruction and assessment.    

For all students structured explicit instruction is ideal - but for students with dyslexia - explicit sequenced and systematic language instruction is the only science based way to build reading skills.

Parents can learn more about literacy skills and help.

These are the basic stages of reading development.

1.  Foundational Skills

  • Phonemic /Phonological Awareness
    These skills can be done without text.
    For example: Can they distinguish the first sound in a word and think of another that starts with the same sound?  
  • Letter Knowledge 
  • Conventions of Reading (For example: English is read from left to right.)               :        
Some great sources are out there  but look for science based research here are two:
Literacy How                  Logic of English 
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3.  Fluency

Fluency is more than words per minute!  This stage consolidates skills of the previous stages and builds on these to increase automaticity.  
Fluency is achieved when a student reads with accuracy, automaticity, prosody and comprehension.  Fluency can be improved when:
  • Morphemes have meaning
  • Syntax has meaning
  • Pronunciation and Prosody enhance meaning

2.  Decoding and Encoding

Decoding  involves matching the sounds of the language (English) to the symbols we use.
  • There are 26 letters or symbols but 44 sounds called phonemes in english.
  • ​The combinations of letters to make each sound are graphemes
  • Blending, diphthongs, spelling, pronunciation, and some sight words.
  • Spelling may be difficult but teaching it sequentially helps both encoding and decoding. For Tips Click
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4.  Reads to Learn

  • Relates Print to Ideas,
  • ​One View Point 
  • ​Text timited in technical complexity
5.    Multiple Views
  • Deals with layers of multiple concepts
  • Various points of view
  • Technically specific and more advanced vocabulary.
  • Analytical processing
  • Complex syntax

Multi-sensory learning : learn more with IDA International Dyslexia Asscociation
  • Joshi, Dahlgren, and Boulware-Gooden (2002)
  • Glenberg, Gutierrez, Levin, Japuntich, and Kaschak (2004)
  • Glenberg, Brown, and Levin (2007)
    Joshi, Dahlgren, and Boulware-Gooden (2002) provide an empirical demonstration that systematic, research-based reading instruction is crucial at the early elementary grade levels and that systematic synthetic phonics instruction (in particular, instruction following the principles of the Orton-Gillingham method) for the very early grades is effective in combating reading failure. In their one-year study of first graders, the authors found that multisensory teaching techniques that combined all three learning modalities—auditory, visual, and kinesthetic, first-grade students made significant gains in phonological awareness, decoding, and reading comprehension. However, first- grade students in the control group also made significant gains in reading comprehension.
    A study conducted by Glenberg, et al. (2004) on object manipulation versus read-reread demonstrated
    that object manipulation can greatly enhance first and second graders’ reading performance. Students using
    the manipulation technique scored higher on critical action-sequence questions and temporal order questions than those who did not. Glenberg, et al. (2006) also found that object manipulation had a positive effect on students’ reading comprehension when used in smaller groups. This was true for students in both individual and peer settings.
    Object manipulation appears to help students draw inferences necessary to construct integrated mental models. A mental model is often conceptualized as a representation that goes beyond information explicit in the text by incorporating a student’s inferences and world knowledge: thus the mental model becomes a representation of what the text is about rather than a representation of the text itself.
    This research has demonstrated an approach to language comprehension—the use of physical manipulation and even imagined manipulation—that suggests a powerful teaching technique. However, before recommending this technique for classroom use, researchers must demonstrate that it works with longer and more realistic texts and that the results of using the technique do not fade as students become more familiar with the process. Furthermore, research needs to demonstrate that students can be taught to move from physical representations of story-relevant objects to mental images. 

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Watch these to learn more

Advice for parents  where to start:

  Social Emotional Considerations for Dyselxia
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